Monomer Conversion, Dimensional Stability, Biaxial Flexural Strength, Ion Release, and Cytotoxicity of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cements Containing Methacrylate-Functionalized Polyacids and Spherical Pre-Reacted Glass Fillers.

Wisitsin Potiprapanpong,Piyaphong Panpisut,Chutikarn Khamsuk,Somying Patntirapong,Somruethai Channasanon,Whithipa Thepveera,Siriporn Tanodekaew,Naruporn Monmaturapoj

doi:10.3390/polym13162742

Wisitsin Potiprapanpong, Piyaphong Panpisut + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162742

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to prepare RMGICs for pulp protection that contain polyacids functionalized with methacrylate groups (CMs) to enable light-activated polymerization without the need for toxic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers. The effects of using CM liquids with 0 or 5 wt% HEMA on the physical/mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of the experimental RMGICs were assessed. Spherical pre-reacted glass fillers (SPG) were used as the powder phase. The experimental RMGICs were prepared by mixing SPG with CM liquid (0 wt% HEMA, F1) or CMH liquid (5 wt% HEMA, F2). Commercial materials (Vitrebond, VB; TheraCal LC, TC) were used for the comparisons. The degree of monomer conversion and fluoride release of both F1 and F2 were significantly lower than those of VB. F1 showed comparable biaxial flexural strength with VB but higher strength than TC. The dimensional stability (mass/volume changes) of the experimental materials was comparable with that of the commercial materials. F1 and F2 exhibited higher Sr/Ca ion release and relative cell viability than VB. The use of CMH liquid reduced the strength but enhanced the fluoride release of the experimental RMGICs. In conclusion, the experimental RMGICs showed comparable strength but lower cytotoxicity compared to the commercial RMGICs. These novel materials could be used as alternative materials for pulp protection.

Highlights

Untreated dental caries remain a major oral health problem globally [1]
The current study assessed the degree of monomer conversion, dimensional stability, biaxial flexural strength, ion release, and cytotoxicity to human dental pulp stem cells
The results showed that the use of different liquids (CM or CMH) affected the biaxial flexural strength of the experimental resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs)

Summary

Introduction

Untreated dental caries remain a major oral health problem globally [1]. The continuous mineral loss from the process of caries causes the severe destruction of the tooth structure, forming deep uncleanable carious cavities that may require restorative treatment. The current restorative management of deep caries lesions uses minimally invasive protocols such as selective caries removal techniques. The technique involves leaving demineralized dentin in the deepest area to reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage to the vital pulp–dentin complex underneath [2]. This protocol provides cost-effectiveness and desirable clinical outcomes [3]. Pulp protection or base/liner materials can be applied over the remaining demineralized dentin to promote the repair of carious dentin [4]. Clinicians who perform selective caries removal techniques still prefer to apply pulp protection materials over the remaining carious dentin [6,7]. The materials should not be highly toxic to pulpal cells [10]

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