Abstract
The ordinary LD with an F-P cavity composed of cleaved facets works often in multiple longitudinal modes; and the mode frequency is susceptible to pump levels and environmental conditions. To make it working in a single longitudinal mode, especially in case of high frequency modulations, it is necessary to insert a wavelength selective element in the cavity. Three monolithically integrated semiconductor lasers with excellent characteristics of single longitudinal mode operation are introduced in this Chapter: the distributed feedback (DFB) laser, the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser, and the vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) in three sections, respectively. All of them are based on the principle of Bragg refraction, but have different characteristics.
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