Monoclonal gammapathies: Epidemiological, immunochemical and etiological analysis of a series of 50 cases

Abstract

During the period from September 2022 to January 2023, 50 cases of monoclonal gammopathy (GM) were collected at the Avicenne military hospital in Marrakech. The average age of the patients was 62 years. Thirty patients were male and 20 were female. The etiological diagnosis could be established for the 50 observations: 5 were classified as GM of undetermined significance (GMSI), 42 were classified as myeloma, two case of Waldenström's disease and one case of AL amyloidosis. The clinical symptomatology was dominated by bone pain in 78% of patients with a deterioration in general condition in 43%. The most frequently found biological abnormalities were anemia in 62% of patients, renal failure in 48% of patients and 19% had hypercalcemia. A monoclonal peak was found in the electrophoreses of 45 patients (90%), of whom 6 migrated to the beta zone and 39 migrated to the gamma zone. The IgG Kappa isotype was the most frequent with a rate of 56%, followed by IgG Lambda (27%), IgA Kappa (8%), IgA Lambda (3%), IgM Lambda (3%) and lambda free light chains (3%).