Mono-aromatic ring-fused versus adjacently di-aromatic ring-fused tetraazaporphyrins: regioselective synthesis and their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties.

Abstract

A method which preferentially produces adjacently di-aromatic ring-substituted tetraazaporphyrins (TAPs) has been developed, and their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties have been studied and compared with those of the corresponding series of mono-aromatic ring-fused TAPs. Mono-aromatic ring-fused TAPs show a split Q-band, and the splitting energy increases with increasing size of the aromatic ring. In addition, for the split Q-bands, the relative intensity of the band at longer wavelength decreases with increasing molecular size of the fused aromatics, compared with the shorter wavelength band. In the di-aromatic ring-fused TAPs, this kind of splitting is not seen, and only a shift of the band is observed. The intensity and band position of the split or unsplit Q-bands are quantitatively evaluated by simultaneous band deconvolution analysis, using both electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra. The preparation of these TAP compounds has made it possible to adjust the Q-band position in a stepwise manner between ca. 600 and 750 nm. The first reduction and oxidation potentials of the TAP ring shift negatively with increasing number and size of the fused aromatics. The extent of the shift is found to be very small for the LUMOs but significant for the HOMOs. These spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are almost perfectly reproduced by molecular orbital calculations within the framework of the Pariser-Parr-Pople approximation. In particular, a small variation of the LUMO level and large destabilization of the HOMO level on ring expansion are rationalized from the extent of stretch of molecular orbitals: i.e., since the LUMOs are localized in the central TAP moiety irrespective of the molecular size, while the HOMOs have appreciable coefficients even over the fused aromatics, the HOMO level destabilizes while the LUMO level remains constant with increasing molecular size. In one CoTAP derivative, Co(III/II) and the first ligand oxidation couples occur experimentally at the same potential.