Monkeypox virus in 2022 outbreak: what do we need to know?

Abstract

Monkeypox disease is a zoonotic disease that is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The MPXV belongs to the Poxviridae family as same as variola virus which cause smallpox disease. MPXV caused multiple outbreaks in endemic and non-endemic countries since the first human case discovered in 1970 in Democratic Republic of Congo. Although there have been multiple outbreaks, the largest outbreak occurred in 2022 which gained MPXV alot of attention from the world. This review aims to provide the currently founding evidence of clinical symptoms, treatment, and prevention of monkeypox disease. This review highlights the genetic changed of MPXV in 2022 outbreak. In previous endemic, MPXV had been classified into 2 clade, clade I and clade II. However, MPXV found in 2022 outbreak had been reported to be new strain named clade III which many mutations related to human-to-human transmission potential. Most of the cases from the 2022 outbreak were among young men particularly men who has sex with men different from previous endemic which most cases were children. There is currently no treatment specifically made for MPXV, however, because MPXV is genetically similar to smallpox, the treatments used for smallpox can be used to treat monkeypox disease.