Abstract
Historically, fewer than a dozen cases of health care-associated human monkeypox have been reported in endemic African countries, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo (1983),1 Republic of the Congo (2003),2 Central African Republic (2015–16),3 and Nigeria (2017–18).4 Although all of these exposures occurred in hospital environments, the exact modes of transmission could not be identified. Among healthcare-associated monkeypox cases exported to countries outside of Africa between 2003 and 2021, at least 250 health-care workers have had variable unprotected exposures to the monkeypox virus in the hospital setting;5 however, only one case of nosocomial transmission has been reported in the literature.
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