Monitoring whole-lung lavage using lung ultrasound: The changing phases of the lung.

Abstract

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been proven to yield valuable information for lung and pleural pathology. It is well validated for assessing extravascular lung water. It can also be used to monitor stages of controlled lung de-aeration in whole lung lavage (WLL) which is the treatment for Pulmonary Alveolar Protienosis (PAP),characterized by abnormal surfactant in the alveoli affecting gas exchange .LUS can help decide the point of termination of lung flooding. A 55 year old lady with biopsy proven pulmonary alveolar proteinosis presented with respiratory failure. WLL was planned. LUS was used to study the stages of lung flooding as previously described for ARDS model.6 areas screened based on six areas that are normally examined like upper zone, mid zone and lower zone showed alveolar interstitial pattern. One lung ventilation (OLV) was done and isolation of lavage lung was confirmed which was seen as lung collapse (lung pulse) on LUS. Saline infusion resulted in increase in B lines followed by tissue like pattern with fluid bronchogram on LUS(alveolar flooding) in all the areas. During the lavage of the second lung, appearance of alveolar flooding pattern resulted in termination of saline infusion. The use of LUS in monitoring WLL reduced amount of saline used for lavage, pick up complications like pleural effusion and spillage.