Abstract
The Three-River Source Region (TRSR) is vital to the ecological security of China. However, the impact of global warming on the dynamics of vegetation along the elevation gradient in the TRSR remains unclear. Accordingly, we used multi-source remote sensing vegetation indices (VIs) (GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) LAI (Leaf Area Index), GIMMS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), GLOBMAP (Global Mapping) LAI, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index), MODIS NDVI, and MODIS NIRv (near-infrared reflectance of vegetation)) and digital elevation model data to study the changes of VGEG (Vegetation Greenness along the Elevation Gradient) in the TRSR from 2001 to 2016. Results showed that the areas with a positive correlation of vegetation greenness and elevation accounted for 36.34 ± 5.82% of the study areas. The interannual variations of VGEG showed that the significantly changed regions were mainly observed in the elevation gradient of 4–5 km. The VGEG was strongest in the elevation gradient of 4–5 km and weakest in the elevation gradient of >5 km. Correlation analysis showed that the mean annual temperature was positively correlated with VIs, and the effect of the mean annual precipitation on VIs was more obvious at low altitude than in high altitude. This study contributes to our understanding of the VGEG variation in the TRSR under global climate variation and also helps in the prediction of future carbon cycle patterns.
Highlights
The accelerating global warming and CO2 concentration have exerted widespread impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem since the 1980s [1,2,3]
The results showed clear spatial patterns of Vegetation greenness along the elevation gradient (VGEG) that filled the gaps in our understanding of vegetation greenness along with elevation in the Three-River Source Region (TRSR) under climatic variation
The results indicated that approximately 36.34 ± 5.82% of the study areas exhibited a significantly negative VGEG in the TRSR
Summary
The accelerating global warming and CO2 concentration have exerted widespread impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem since the 1980s [1,2,3]. The ecological consequences of global warming are likely to be more pronounced in high-mountain regions [4,5]. Increasing evidence shows that the rate of warming is amplified in mountain environments [6], which will cause divergent vegetation greenness along the elevation gradient (from low to high) [7]. Vegetation greenness decreases with the increased elevation due to the limitation of low temperature at high altitudes [8], which indicates a negative vegetation greenness along the elevation gradient. The elevation pattern of vegetation greenness is probably altered under global warming [5,9,10,11] because the warming rate of high-mountain regions is often greater than their low-elevation counterparts [4,12]
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