Abstract
Heavy metals as pollutants in the working and living environment are a serious health and environmental problem because they are toxic, non-biodegradable, accumulate in living systems and have a long half-life in soil. Sources of lead contamination are combustion products in the chemical industry and metallurgy, industrial waste water, landfills, traffic etc. Lead enters into the body via the food chain and drinking water. In the body lead is deposited in the liver, kidneys, brain and mineral tissues. Excretion of lead causes damage to the epithelial cells of certain organs. High level exposure to cadmium is usually the result of environmental pollution by human activities. Exposure to cadmium can lead to acute and chronic tissue damage of various organs, including liver and kidneys in humans and in animals. In this paper we analyzed the effects of lead and cadmium exposure, in working and living environment, on the model system of experimental animals, particularly the activity of certain liver enzymes, acid and alkaline DNase, and standard biochemical blood parameters. The study showed that lead and cadmium significantly affect the protein content, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and the activity of liver enzymes. This harmful effect of this toxic metal can be reduced by the supplements.
Highlights
Standard hematological blood parameters of rats poisoned with lead and cadmium, with and without supplements (LA and GSH)
Results of the determination of liver enzymes acid DNase experimental animals intoxicated by lead and cadmium, with and without supplements (* – p < 0.01)
Results of the determination of liver enzymes alkaline DNase experimental animals intoxicated by lead and cadmium, with and without supplements (* – p < 0.01; ** – p < 0.1)
Summary
Model sistem za ispitivanje uticaja izloženosti olovu i kadmijumu radnika u industriji i uopšte u životnoj i radnoj sredini, bila je studija na belim pacovima Wistar soja, ženskog pola, starosti 6 nedelja, težine 230±30 g [20]. Eksperimentalne životinje su gajene u laboratorijskim uslovima na normalnom režimu ishrane u vivarijumu Medicinskog fakulteta u Nišu, u skladu sa pravilima lokalnog etičkog komiteta, podeljene u 9 grupa od po 5 životinja. Grupa I je kontrolna grupa na normalnom režimu ishrane i života. Grupe životinja II i III su intoksicirane olovo(II)-acetatom (Pb(CH3COO)2), odnosno kadmijum(II)-hloridom (CdCl2). Grupe IV i V, odnosno VI i VII su uz olovo(II)-acetat, odnosno kadmijum(II)-hlorid dobijale i odgovarajući suplement liponsku kiselinu ili glutation. Grupe životinja VIII i IX su uz normalnu ishranu dobijale suplement liponsku kiselinu, odnosno glutation
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