Abstract
A good bolt support structure effectively enhances the strength of the surrounding rock. Bolt support monitoring provides a basis for modifying and improving the design of this structure and enables safety hazards to be identified so that safe production can continue. A bolt fiber Bragg grating (FBG) stress sensor is developed based on FBG sensor technology, providing a data-driven analysis tool for monitoring the bolt stress in the working face. Continuous dynamic monitoring of the internal force distribution in a high-precision roadway bolt support structure is achieved through strict laboratory calibration, thus enabling comprehensive safety monitoring. Furthermore, the anchor FBG stress sensor is used to analyze the real-time stress variations in a bolt support structure during excavation. The results reveal the security evolution characteristics of bolts buried in shallow bedrocks and show that the security state varies with location (i.e., the roof, roadside, apex between roof and roadside, and apex between roadside and floor) and depth.
Highlights
To ensure the safety of a bolt support structure, it is vital to monitor the changes in stress that occur in the structure
There has been little research on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors that are appropriate for detecting changes in the stress of support bolts in the surrounding rocks of a roadway
This paper describes the development of an FBG bolt stress sensor for monitoring the real-time multi-directional variations in tension of the bolt support structure in a working face
Summary
On February 23, 2020, Zijin Coal Industry Co. Ltd., suffered a significant roof accident due to the failure of the bolt support structure, resulting in the death of three people. Based on bolt support force monitoring, Wang et al. developed an early-warning instrument for roadway roofs. FBG sensors, and Zhao et al. developed a monitoring system for roof safety control in underground coal mining using FBG material as a perceived element and transmission medium. There has been little research on FBG sensors that are appropriate for detecting changes in the stress of support bolts in the surrounding rocks of a roadway. This paper describes the development of an FBG bolt stress sensor for monitoring the real-time multi-directional variations in tension of the bolt support structure in a working face. The changes in stress of the bolts are analyzed and characterized
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