Monitoring Protein Biochemistry on Surfaces By Electrochemical Methods

Abstract

Tau protein is a neuronal protein which undergoes modifications, such as amino acid phosphorylation, as well as self-assembly into cytotoxic structures. This process leads to neurodegeneration which remains without a differential diagnosis and cure. Hence, tau protein is a viable biomarker of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. We have used electrochemical methods to explore various aspects of tau biochemistry: 1) interactions with binding partners, 2) kinase-catalyzed phosphorylations, 3) kinase-inhibition, and 4) biomarker detection. Specifically, by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we have developed immunoassay for detection of tau protein. In addition, we screened drug targets, such as antibodies, as potential immunotherapies targeting tau. The fundamental binding studies between tau protein and other biologically-relevant binding partners, such as ferritin and transferrin, were also conducted and will be described. Our work illustrates that electrochemical methodologies are valuable tools for evaluation of protein biochemistry, and may lead to early detection, differential diagnosis and identification of viable drug therapies.