Мониторинг состояния растительности в районе разработки Тасеевского месторождения (Забайкальский край)

Abstract

The article presents the results of an environmental survey conducted in the development area of the Taseyev gold deposit of the Baleysky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Environmental monitoring was carried out on the most vulnerable component of the natural environment in order to ensure the environmental safety of the facility during the implementation of the construction of a heap leaching complex on the basis of the technogenic waste deposit “Baleyskoy ZIF‑1” of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The current state of the vegetation cover was studied. An analysis of the flora of the technogenically disturbed territory of the Taseevskoye field was carried out. As part of the local monitoring of the gold deposit and its environs, 4 types of plant complexes were identified – forest, meadow-steppe, near-river and synanthropic. According to the results of the study, a satisfactory state of plant communities was revealed. A quantitative indicator of diversity has been established, which is more than 80 species within the boundaries of the allotment. Species listed in the Red Book of the Trans-Baikal Territory, growing in the background areas of this field, are noted. A change in the natural vegetation cover on the area of the technogenically disturbed landscape was recorded as a result of industrial work – the movement of soil masses, dumping and excavation. The territory is covered by a chaotic network of country roads that disturb the soil and soil cover. Along the roads gully erosion is developed. There is a negative impact and a decrease in the recreational ecosystem services of the Baleisky district due to the production activities of gold mining enterprises (insufficient formation of a comfortable environment for the population). The presence of synanthropic communities in the anthropogenically disturbed area with traces of household waste dumps, sewage disposal, changes in the microrelief during industrial development on the river is traced Unda. In general, despite the adverse factors affecting the vegetation, plants adapt to stressful situations, all disturbed areas are capable of self-healing.