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Abstract
This paper treats long-term changes in area of the ?lichen desert?, i.e., the region characterized (especially in the winter period) by average daily SO2 concentration exceeding 150?g/m3 of air, the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for populated regions. Comparison of results obtained in 1980/81 and 1991 indicates that the ?lichen desert? expanded (from 12 to about 13 km2) as a consequence of deterioration of the air quality in the Belgrade area. Comparing the results obtained in 1991 with investigations carried out in 2007, we found that ?lichen desert? shrank substantially in the Belgrade area to a current size of about 11 km2. The new boundaries of the ?lichen desert? are presented, together with the main reasons for its shrinkage in the Belgrade area during the last 16 years and predictions of further alterations in the future.
Highlights
It is well known that organisms as open systems respond to detrimental external factors
Within the “lichen desert”, lichens were found in the Jevremovac Botanical Garden and in Tašmajdan Park (Large and Small Tašmajdan – with a total area of about 0.08 km2) (Fig. 1); III
Because we consider as relevant a SO2 concentration of
Summary
It is well known that organisms as open systems respond to detrimental external factors. As for air pollution, bioindication ecology has enjoyed strong development due to recognition of the fact that lichens are highly susceptible to changes of air quality in the places where they live ( S a v i ć e t al., 1995), p a r t i c u l a r l y t o S O2 concentration in the air ( H a w k s w o r t h a n d R o s e , 1 97 0 ) With this in mind, workers at the Faculty of Biology in Belgrade have carried out many bioindication studies with lichens over the years (Cvijan and Stamenković , 1992, 1996a, 1996b; Cvijan et al, 1995, 1996, 1997; Milić and Blaženčić , 1993; Savić , 1991, 1996, 1997; Stamenković , 1992, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002a, 2002b; Stamenković and Cvijan , 1993, 2002, 2003, 2004; Stamenković et al, 2003). A n attempt was made to establish relevant monitoring throughout the whole of Serbia ( C v i j a n , 1 9 9 2 ) , and s i g n if i c a n t r e s u l t s w e r e a c h ie v e d i n t h e r e g i o n s of Niš ( C v i j a n a n d S t a m e n k o v i ć , 1 9 9 2 , 1 9 9 6 b ; Stamenković , 1992, 2002b) a n d ( e s p e c ia l ly ) Belgrade ( C v i j a n et a l ., 1 9 9 6 , 1 9 9 7 ; M i l i ć a n d Blaženčić , 1993; Savić , 1991, 1996, 1997)
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