Monitoring of the current state of tugai ecosystems in the conditions of the southern Aral Sea region

Abstract

This article presents the results of monitoring the current state of the tugai in the South Aral Sea region. Over the past decades, as a result of a sharp increase in anthropogenic pressure on tugai forest ecosystems, there has been a catastrophic reduction in their areas, a violation of the ecological stability of ecosystems. The main area of distribution of tugai vegetation in the territory of Karakalpakstan is the lower reaches of the Amu Darya. Considering that tugai forests are a complex biological system with a long reproduction period, it is important to comprehensively know the influence of climatic and soil conditions on their formation and development. Tugai massifs are a unique type of ecosystems. They should be considered as a natural reserve of unique flora and fauna. During the formation and development of tugai communities, the ecological conditions of habitats change, which, in turn, affect communities. This mutual influence occurs during the entire period of their existence, being reflected in the accumulation of biological mass. In this connection, it is extremely interesting to consider the dynamics of changes in the productivity of tugai communities in the Amudarya delta. It is shown that as a result of a sharp increase in anthropogenic pressure on tugai forest ecosystems, their areas have sharply decreased, and the ecological stability of tugai ecosystems has been violated. Currently, in the tugai massifs of the lower reaches of the Amudarya, there are 55 species of tugai plants belonging to 21 families and 47 genera.