Abstract
The main aim of soil monitoring system is to obtain the knowledge of the most current state and development of soil properties according to concrete threats to soil. To determine the significant changes of soil properties in time, it is important to know spatial variability of concrete soil parameter for concrete site. Only those time changes of the soil parameter are significant, which exceed its spatial variability at the site. The main aim of the study has been focused on the evaluation of small-scale site heterogeneity of equilibrium soil bulk density and the integration of impact of this heterogeneity in evaluation of degradation process of soil compaction in time. As site variation coefficients have considerably varied at standard sampling with five repetitions during monitoring period, one-time detail spatial variability mapping of soil bulk density was realized at 17 repetitions on five selected monitoring sites with different soil type, texture and use. This increase in the number of sampling points helped us to specify and stabilize the values of variation coefficients (between minimum and maximum by standard sampling) as well as the extent of confidence intervals. Standard deviations at the chosen monitoring sites moved from 0.039 to 0.118 g·cm-3 in topsoil and from 0.031 to 0.067 g·cm-3 in subsoil and expressed as variation coefficient 2.9% - 9.2% and 2.0% - 4.9%, respectively. The intervals of significant time changes of soil bulk density for the sites and depths were determined on the base of its site confidence interval (95%) and uncertainty rate of its measure methodology. The time changes of bulk density values between single year-to-year sampling were overlapped by this interval of significant changes to obtain significant bulk density changes in time. This method allowed us to distinguish significant time changes in soil bulk density from insignificant ones. The bulk density value changes on the monitoring sites were significant in the range of six to nine years within observed period 2002-2014 in both depths.
Highlights
The main aim of a soil monitoring system is to obtain the knowledge of the most current state and development of soil properties according to concrete threats to soil (Van-Camp et al, 2004; Eckelmann et al, 2006; Kobza et al, 2017)
As site variation coefficients have considerably varied at standard sampling with five repetitions during monitoring period, one-time detail spatial variability mapping of soil bulk density was realized at 17 repetitions on five selected monitoring sites with different soil type, texture and use
The bulk density value changes on the monitoring sites and depths were significant in the range of six to nine years within observed period 2002-2014
Summary
The main aim of a soil monitoring system is to obtain the knowledge of the most current state and development of soil properties according to concrete threats to soil (Van-Camp et al, 2004; Eckelmann et al, 2006; Kobza et al, 2017). Importance of soil monitoring system consists of providing actual and objective information on temporal trends in important soil properties on agricultural soils. Obtained important current soil outputs are imported to JRC (Joint Research Centre) in Ispra (Italy) and to EEA (European Environmental Agency) in Copenhagen (Denmark). Soil monitoring assesses change in soil properties over time. In soil monitoring is necessary to monitor the trend of changes of soil parameters in context to their spatial heterogeneity. It is important to know the spatial variability of single soil parameter for the concrete monitoring site (Širáň & Makovníková, 2011)
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