Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play an increasingly important role in various areas of life, including in terms of protection and security. As a result of fires, volcanic eruptions, or other emergencies, huge amounts of toxic gases, dust, and other substances are emitted into the environment, which, together with high temperature, often leads to serious environmental contamination. Based on the available literature and patent databases, an analysis of the available UAVs models was carried out in terms of their applicability in air contaminated conditions in industrial areas, in the event of emergencies, such as fire, chemical contamination. The possibilities of using the devices were analyzed in terms of weather conditions, construction, and used materials in CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) threat situations. It was found that, thanks to the use of appropriate sensors, cameras, and software of UAVs integrated with a given system, it is possible to obtain information on air quality at a given moment, which is very important for the safety of people and the environment. However, several elements, including the possibility of use in acidification conditions, requires refinement to changing crisis conditions.
Highlights
The area of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a very dynamic and promising sector, which offers new possibilities and opportunities [1,2,3,4]
UAVs equipped with electric motors and various sensors and electrical components may be a potential source of ignition due to the material from which they were made and their construction [74]
At present, unmanned aerial vehicles are an important tool in the field of air quality monitoring, identification of hazardous compounds that endanger the health and safety of people and pose a threat to the environment
Summary
The area of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a very dynamic and promising sector, which offers new possibilities and opportunities [1,2,3,4]. Publication of the so-called standard scenarios for selected flights in European airspace [27]—they contain the requirements and conditions of flights, which will apply to UAVs that measure chemicals in range and out of sight, implementation by the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency of the PansaUTM drone traffic coordination system in airport controlled zones—thanks to this, operators can quickly check flight possibilities in a given area, digitally submit a flight plan, and obtain a permit to fly, they are visible to other airspace users, which improves safety [28], UAVs testing for the monitoring of refining installations at PKN Orlen in Płock [29], large-scale use of UAVs equipped with sensors to fight COVID-19 in industrial and urban areas [30]. The obtained data make it possible to obtain information on the distribution of pollutants in a given area in a given time unit This type of monitoring is important especially in crisis situations, such as fire, or in areas where economic activity is carried out with different emission levels, such as landfills, chemical industry. The databases containing research projects implemented under the 7th Framework Program and Horizon 2020 were analyzed
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