Abstract
Abstract. Flood disturbance is one of the major factors impacting riparian vegetation on river floodplains. In this study we use a high-resolution ground-based camera system with near-infrared sensitivity to quantify the immediate response of riparian vegetation in an Alpine, gravel bed, braided river to flood disturbance with the use of vegetation indices. Five large floods with return periods between 1.4 and 20.1 years in the period 2008–2011 in the Maggia River were analysed to evaluate patterns of vegetation response in three distinct floodplain units (main bar, secondary bar, transitional zone) and to compare the sensitivity of seven broadband vegetation indices. The results show both a negative (damage) and positive (enhancement) response of vegetation within 1 week following the floods, with a selective impact determined by pre-flood vegetation vigour, geomorphological setting and intensity of the flood forcing. The spatial distribution of vegetation damage provides a coherent picture of floodplain response in the three floodplain units. The vegetation indices tested in a riverine environment with highly variable surface wetness, high gravel reflectance, and extensive water–soil–vegetation contact zones differ in the direction of predicted change and its spatial distribution in the range 0.7–35.8%. We conclude that vegetation response to flood disturbance may be effectively monitored by terrestrial photography with near-infrared sensitivity, with potential for long-term assessment in river management and restoration projects.
Highlights
Riparian vegetation is under natural conditions a dynamic component of the riverine environment, which together with floodplains and river marginal wetlands provides a range of important ecosystem services such as biodiversity, flood retention, nutrient sink, pollution control, groundwater recharge, timber production, and recreation (e.g. Tockner et al, 2008)
We plot the histograms of vegetation change vegetation indices (VIs) as a function of the pre-flood vegetation vigour VIbf for the five studied floods and three floodplain units. In all of these analyses we considered only the pixels representing vegetation, which we selected based on the pre-flood vegetation vigour (VIbf > 0.5)
This study demonstrated the use of a high-resolution groundbased infrared-sensitive camera monitoring of riparian vegetation in an Alpine, gravel bed, braided river
Summary
Riparian vegetation is under natural conditions a dynamic component of the riverine environment, which together with floodplains and river marginal wetlands provides a range of important ecosystem services such as biodiversity, flood retention, nutrient sink, pollution control, groundwater recharge, timber production, and recreation (e.g. Tockner et al, 2008). Bendix and Hupp, 2000; Merritt et al, 2010; Gurnell et al, 2012) as well as by plant tolerance and response to flood disturbance and water stress The most apparent is a direct negative impact when the vegetation is scoured (Bendix, 1999; Edmaier et al, 2011; Crouzy et al, 2013), covered by sediment and debris (Ballesteros et al, 2011), drowned (Friedman and Auble, 1999), or where it looses its connection to the water table due to channel displacement (Loheide and Booth, 2011). A less evident negative impact of floods is a general decrease in vegetation vigour associated with the post-stress reaction of plants.
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