Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with different sizes and structures were probed for plausible cytotoxicity using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS), a non-invasive and on-line procedure for continuous monitoring of cytotoxicity. For insect cells (Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9), the ECIS50 values, i.e., the concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of the response, differed depending on the size and shape of the TiO2 nanostructure. The lowest ECIS50 value (158ppm) was observed for the needle shaped rutile TiO2 (10nm×40nm, 15.5nm nominal particle size), followed by 211ppm for P-25 (34.1nm, 80% anatase and 20% rutile), 302ppm for MTI5 (5.9nm, 99% anatase) and 417ppm for Hombitan LW-S bulk TiO2 (169.5nm, 99% anatase). Exposure of TiO2 NPs to UV light at 254nm or 365nm exhibited no significant effect on the ECIS50 value due to the aggregation of TiO2 NPs with diminishing photocatalytic activities. Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V79 cells, exhibited no significant cytotoxicity/inhibition up to 400ppm with P25, MTI5 and bulk TiO2. However, a noticeable inhibitory effect was observed (ECIS50 value of 251ppm) with rutile TiO2 as cell spreading on the electrode surface was prevented
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