Monitoring of Particulate Matter Emissions from 3D Printing Activity in the Home Setting.

Shirin Khaki,Emer Duffy,Aoife Morrin,Alan F Smeaton

doi:10.3390/s21093247

Abstract

Consumer-level 3D printers are becoming increasingly prevalent in home settings. However, research shows that printing with these desktop 3D printers can impact indoor air quality (IAQ). This study examined particulate matter (PM) emissions generated by 3D printers in an indoor domestic setting. Print filament type, brand, and color were investigated and shown to all have significant impacts on the PM emission profiles over time. For example, emission rates were observed to vary by up to 150-fold, depending on the brand of a specific filament being used. Various printer settings (e.g., fan speed, infill density, extruder temperature) were also investigated. This study identifies that high levels of PM are triggered by the filament heating process and that accessible, user-controlled print settings can be used to modulate the PM emission from the 3D printing process. Considering these findings, a low-cost home IAQ sensor was evaluated as a potential means to enable a home user to monitor PM emissions from their 3D printing activities. This sensing approach was demonstrated to detect the timepoint where the onset of PM emission from a 3D print occurs. Therefore, these low-cost sensors could serve to inform the user when PM levels in the home become elevated significantly on account of this activity and furthermore, can indicate the time at which PM levels return to baseline after the printing process and/or after adding ventilation. By deploying such sensors at home, domestic users of 3D printers can assess the impact of filament type, color, and brand that they utilize on PM emissions, as well as be informed of how their selected print settings can impact their PM exposure levels.

Highlights

There is an increasing interest in indoor air quality (IAQ), as it well-established that a wide range of indoor pollution sources, activities, and ventilation conditions can adversely affect health [1,2]
The findings of the current study provide evidence that particulate matter (PM) emissions from 3D printing can be significantly reduced with informed choices about filament selection and printer settings
PM emission profiles from 3D printing activities undertaken in a domestic setting were investigated in order to assess the potential for 3D printing in the home to impact IAQ. 3D printing was carried out in an open format under a range of conditions and the PM emission monitored

Summary

Introduction

There is an increasing interest in indoor air quality (IAQ), as it well-established that a wide range of indoor pollution sources, activities, and ventilation conditions can adversely affect health [1,2]. The damage caused by the inhalation and deposition of PM in the human respiratory tract is closely associated with PM size. Significant deposition fractions in the lungs are characteristic of submicron and ultrafine particles (≤1 μm and ≤0.1 μm diameter, respectively) [4,5]. Indoor air pollutants in the domestic setting are linked to a varied range of sources including building materials, soft furnishings, and occupants’ activities such as cooking and cleaning [6]. Deployment of devices and new technologies in the domestic setting can require an impact assessment on IAQ [7]

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