Monitoring of mycotoxin content in compound feeds for productive animals

Abstract

The article presents the results of monitoring mycotoxins in compound feeds for productive animals. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi with pronounced toxic properties. Since mold fungi spores are ubiquitous, and intensive crop cultivation technologies and environmental pollution disrupt the ecological balance, the problem of mycotoxicosis is global. The purpose of the scientific work was to monitor and analyze the content of mycotoxins in compound feeds for productive animals sold on the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of biological safety of feed and veterinary drugs of the North-Western Testing Laboratory of the FGBI "VNIIZH". 40 samples of complete compound feeds for productive animals sold on the territory of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region were used as research material. The studies were carried out in stages. At the first stage, the total toxicity of feed was determined according to GOST 31674-2012 "Feed, compound feed, feed raw materials. At the next stage, a mycological study was carried out of those samples that, according to the results of biotesting, had toxic properties. Then, to determine the exact cause of the toxicity of the samples, enzyme immunoassay was performed using indirect solid-phase competitive ELISA. Thus, analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that four samples of compound feeds out of 40 were contaminated with mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol and zearalenone simultaneously. This is due to the fact that the producer for these mycotoxins is one type of microscopic fungi - Fusarium graminearum, which turned out to be affected by these samples of compound feeds. It should be noted that these mycotoxins are characterized by low toxicity and a high degree of accumulation in the body, which contributes to the occurrence of chronic poisoning, therefore, the need for further monitoring of the welfare of the feed base for farm animals and poultry in veterinary and sanitary terms increases.