Abstract
Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in the eight villages of Tosham Block; district Bhiwani, Haryana to recognize the mechanism and sources of enrichment of fluoride in the groundwater. The results specify that concentrations of fluoride attain up to 1.9 mg/l in groundwater samples. In the soils, the overall fluorine contents vary between 1.1 and 2.7 mg/kg, which could have sufficient potential to released fluorine into the groundwater. In groundwater, the fluoride enrichment is primarily controlled by solubility of fluorite, intensity of evapotranspiration, residence time and the processes of weathering prevailing in Tosham area. Moreover, various other water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, and total alkalinity as well as calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate and chloride concentrations were also calculated. A logical calculation of correlation coefficients between different physico-chemical parameters was done. The 67% of groundwater samples do not comply with WHO standards of fluoride for drinking purposes. The excessive fluoride concentration in the groundwater of villages under study causes dental fluorosis among people especially the children. Except few of villages, without any prior treatment, the overall quality of water was found unacceptable for drinking purposes.
Highlights
Due to long term intake of waterborne fluoride over the permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and 1.0 mg/l by China, endemic fluorosis has been extensively reported in numerous areas such as Mexico, China, India and Africa [6]-[12]
The most of samples peak overlapping each other establishing that both soil as well as the groundwater sample show the similar trend of variation of fluoride concentration
Fluoride concentration in most of the groundwater samples of Tosham area, Bhiwani, NW, India found to be higher than BIS standards
Summary
To study the variation in quality parameters, the analysis of groundwater is essential. The groundwater quality could be rated for various uses, like industrial, drinking agriculture on the basis of the physico-chemical parameters. The correlation between fluoride and other physical parameters has done in this study. A positive correlation coefficient of sodium with fluoride in ground water has reported in groundwater samples of study area. The analysis of ground water samples of eight villages of Tosham block of Bhiwani District is presented. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the fluoride distribution in area under study and to establish a correlation between fluoride concentration and physico-chemical parameters of groundwater of Tosham block, Bhiwani district, NW, India. The present paper tries to find the role of local geology in fluoride contamination in area under study
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