Monitoring of Five Different Insecticide Resistance Status in Turkish House Fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations and the Relationship Between Resistance and Insecticide Usage Profile

Abstract

The objective of this study is to assess the resistance status and yearly changes involved for house fly populations from six cities in Turkey. Field strains of house fly (Musca domestica L. Diptera: Muscidae) were collected in 2004-2006 from cow farms (Antalya, İzmir) and garbage dumps (Adana, Ankara, İstanbul, Şanlıurfa) in Turkey. The resistance levels of first and two generation offspring were determined against five insecticides (cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, permethrin and fenitrothion). While the highest resistance level for pyrethroid was determined for Antalya 2005 strain (851.97 Cypermethrin) and lowest resistance level for Şanlıurfa 2004 strain (2.06 Permethrin), the highest fenitrothion resistance was found in Şanlıurfa 2004 strain (50.37) and lowest fenitrothion resistance was found in Adana 2004 strain (6.45). Our results showed that pyrethroid resistance levels were very high and determined a decreasing trend for Antalya and İstanbul strains and an increasing trend for Adana and Şanlıurfa strain for all tested pyrethroid insecticides from 2004 to 2006. Although cypermethrin and cyphenothrin resistance showed a decreasing trend, deltamethrin and permethrin showed an increasing trend for the Izmir strain from 2004 to 2006. The same trend was also determined for the Ankara strain except for permethrin. Fenitrothion resistance was determined to be lower than pyrethroids, but these levels were still high. Flies from cow farms were generally more resistant than those from garbage dumps. Our results also revealed the presence of strong selective pressure on the populations.