Monitoring of Air Quality Changes using Landsat 8-9 Data in 2018-2022

Abstract

Environmental management is an effort made by the government to preserve environmental functions and prevent environmental pollution and/or damage which includes planning, utilization, control, maintenance, supervision, and law enforcement. The implementation of the Menuju Indonesia Hijau program by the Ministry of Environment aims to utilize vegetation cover and mitigate climate change due to air pollution. Monitoring of air quality cover can be carried out periodically to produce accurate information and take policies or actions to preserve the environment and minimize negative impacts on the environment. Changes in air quality can occur due to land conversion from vegetation land to non-vegetation land. This land conversion can be caused by forest and land fires as well as the construction of new industrial areas or factory areas. The process of mapping air quality changes in the 2018-2022 period will be processed and analysed. Air quality mapping is done by utilizing Landsat 8-9 satellite imagery to calculate SO2, and NO2 concentrations. SO2 and NO2 values can be performed with linear regression with temperature values obtained from LST calculations from Landsat 8-9 imagery. From the two data it is possible to analyse the changes in air quality and produce maps Air Pollutant Standard Index every year in the 2018-2022 period. The use of cloud computing in this study can improve performance effectiveness in the big data processing process. The average value of air quality in Ngawi regency shows good values in 2018 and 2022 and moderate to unhealthy in 2019 to 2021. The decline in air quality is due to forest fires that occurred at the end of 2018 and 2019 and is caused by the density of urban areas centralized in the city centre and will result in a lot of pollution from vehicles which can trigger high concentrations of Air Pollutant. There are 23 industries operating in Widodaren Sub-regency that have the highest scores in the Widodaren Sub-regency in 2019, in 2018, 2020-2022, the Widodaren Sub-regency also occupies the 3 Sub-regencies with the highest Air Pollutant Standard Index scores.