Abstract
Cereal Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are a very important gene pool for cereal/wheat improvement. New genes for resistance to diseases and pests are urgently needed to avoid using pesticides and to raise adaptivity to the environmental stresses caused by global climate change. In this regard, the study is aimed at ex situ conservation of Aegilops L. genus local ecotypes’ genetic diversity, which is very relevant and promising for breeding. In order to establish breeding utility and form an ex situ collection reflecting the intra- and inter-specific diversity, the phenotypic screening of Kazakhstan’s local populations of Aegilops L. genus (Ae. cylindrica, Ae. tauschii, Ae. triuncialis and Ae. crassa) was conducted on the basis of multiple indicators. For the first time molecular-genetic analysis of 50 representatives of Aegilops L. genus from Kazakhstan’s flora was performed. The microsatellite analysis with the use of 11 EST-SSR markers revealed eight of them to be most effective. For each marker, allele frequency and average heterozygosity was calculated. For the most informative markers the presence of 5 and 6 respective allelic variations was found. A bank of genomic DNA was created and kept in ex situ storage (–70 °С, long-term) in the IMBB of the MES of RK.
Highlights
Дикие сородичи – это таксоны диких растений, отно сящиеся к культурам, которые потенциально могут использоваться в качестве доноров генов многих полезных признаков, улучшая урожайность и/или качество, помогая избежать применения пестицидов и повышая адаптивность растений к экологическим стрессам в условиях глобального изменения климата
Local ecotypes of Aegilops L. genus are often used in Kazakhstan as a grazing culture that may lead to in their complete destruction (Sitpaeva et al, 2004; Yessimbekova et al, 2004, 2017; Urazaliev et al, 2007; Alimgazinova, Yessimbekova, 2013)
Long-term expeditions helped to collect more than 200 local ecotypes of Aegilops L. genus species
Summary
Дикие сородичи – это таксоны диких растений, отно сящиеся к культурам, которые потенциально могут использоваться в качестве доноров генов многих полезных признаков, улучшая урожайность и/или качество, помогая избежать применения пестицидов и повышая адаптивность растений к экологическим стрессам в условиях глобального изменения климата. Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa related to crops that have a potential use as gene donors as they possess many beneficial traits conferring pest and/or disease resistance, improve yield or quality. Aegilops L. genus is closely related to the cultivated wheat (donor of B and D genomes) and has an important potential for improving wheat resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The results reveal the variation of agronomic traits, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and genetic diversity of the collected germplasm. This data will be useful in future cultivation and breeding of domesticated wheat, especially where the goal is to increase adaptability of wheat in diverse environmental conditions. The goals of the study included: (1) phenotypic screening of agronomic traits diversity; (2) assessment for resistance to rust (yellow, brown, stem) on the artificial background; and (3) creation of genomic DNA bank for long term ex situ storage
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