Abstract
Volcano monitoring in Peru is carried out by the Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), through its Centro Vulcanológico Nacional (CENVUL). CENVUL monitors 12 out of 16 volcanoes considered as historically active and potentially active in southern Peru and issues periodic bulletins about the volcanic activity and, depending on the alert-level of each volcano, also issues alerts and warnings of volcanic unrest, ash dispersion, and the occurrence of lahars. The information generated by CENVUL is disseminated to the civil authorities and the public through different information media (newsletters, e-mail, website, social media, mobile app, etc.). The IGP volcanology team was formed after the eruption of Sabancaya volcano in 1988. Since then, geophysical and geological studies, volcanic hazards assessments, and multidisciplinary monitoring realized by the IGP, have provided a comprehensive understanding of volcanic activity in Peru and forecast future eruptive scenarios. Currently, 80% of the historically active and potentially active volcanoes in Peru are equipped with networks of multiparameter instruments, with the seismic monitoring being the most widely implemented. In this report, we present the situation of volcanic monitoring in Peru, the monitoring networks, the techniques employed, as well as efforts to educate and inform the public and officials responsible for disaster risk management.
Highlights
The active volcanic arc of southern Peru results from the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the continental South American plate
The active volcanoes of southern Peru are part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) [de Silva and Francis 1991], a segment associated with a steeply dipping (25– 30°) slab extending from 16° S (Southern Peru) to 28° S (Northern Chile)
Considering this scenario, it is essential to have an early warning system for volcanic activity that ensures that all active volcanoes are monitored, in order to identify any sign of volcanic unrest or reactivation
Summary
The active volcanic arc of southern Peru results from the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the continental South American plate. The active volcanoes of southern Peru are part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) [de Silva and Francis 1991], a segment associated with a steeply dipping (25– 30°) slab extending from 16° S (Southern Peru) to 28° S (Northern Chile) This segment hosts large rhyolitic calderas and many composite volcanoes of andesitic-todacitic composition, both of Pliocene and Quaternary ages [de Silva and Francis 1991; Sébrier and Soler 1991; Mamani et al 2010; Thouret et al 2016]. The Quaternary volcanic arc is calc-alkaline and is predominantly andesitic, high-silica products (dacites and rhyolites) are present (e.g., Misti and Huaynaputina volcanoes), indicating high explosive activity in the recent past. Considering this scenario, it is essential to have an early warning system for volcanic activity that ensures that all active volcanoes are monitored, in order to identify any sign of volcanic unrest or reactivation
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