Abstract
An approach to study the mechanism of mining-induced subsidence, using a combination of phase-stacking and sub-pixel offset-tracking methods, is reported. In this method, land subsidence with a small deformation gradient was calculated using time-series differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) data, whereas areas with greater subsidence were calculated by a sub-pixel offset-tracking method. With this approach, time-series data for mining subsidence were derived in Yulin area using 11 TerraSAR-X (TSX) scenes from 13 December 2012 to 2 April 2013. The maximum mining subsidence and velocity values were 4.478 m and 40 mm/day, respectively, which were beyond the monitoring capabilities of D-InSAR and advanced InSAR. The results were compared with the GPS field survey data, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of the results in the strike and dip directions were 0.16 m and 0.11 m, respectively. Four important results were obtained from the time-series subsidence in this mining area: (1) the mining-induced subsidence entered the residual deformation stage within about 44 days; (2) the advance angle of influence changed from 75.6° to 80.7°; (3) the prediction parameters of mining subsidence; (4) three-dimensional deformation. This method could be used to predict the occurrence of mining accidents and to help in the restoration of the ecological environment after mining activities have ended.
Highlights
In China, the burning of coal accounts for about 70% of primary energy consumption [1]
Ten interferograms were obtained with a temporal baseline of 11 days by two-pass differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR)
The two curves fit very well at the edge of the mining subsidence basin. These results show that the accuracy of calculation for the D-InSAR method was higher than that for the offset-tracking method and that a combination of these two approaches is a good solution for the determination of mining subsidence with a large gradient deformation
Summary
In China, the burning of coal accounts for about 70% of primary energy consumption [1]. As a result of long-term and large-scale mining activities, more than 1 × 106 ha of land have been destroyed. Most mining areas face significant challenges, such as the monitoring and control of mining-related subsidence to prevent disasters, the restoration of the ecological environment after mining activity has ended, and the reclamation of abandoned land. A mining subsidence basin will be formed after a working coal face has been exploited (Figure 1). The range and value of the subsidence is related to factors such as mining depth, coal seam thickness, dip angle, size of working face, overlying strata characteristics, etc. To exploit and extract coal the mining direction generally follows the strike direction. The center of the mining subsidence basin is not above the center of the working face when the coal seam has a dip angle
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