Abstract
Good knowledge of inland water dynamics is of great significance for water management, preserving ecological balance and supporting industrial and agricultural development. However, the existing water cover products and water extraction methods cannot meet the present needs of monitoring water distribution and dynamic changes accurately and timely, particularly in the areas frequently disturbed by human activities, such as the Taihu Lake region. This article proposed an expert knowledge system to detect annual stable water and separate aquaculture water from natural water, and a frequency-based approach is used to generate stable water map within a year. All available Landsat Level-2 images were used to generate annual 30-m resolution stable water products from 1984 to 2018, and analyze the historical spatial–temporal changes of the water body in the Taihu Lake region. Furthermore, we related each important graph change with a reality event at that time. The results suggest that human activities have an obviously stronger influence on surface water than climate fluctuations in the Taihu Lake region, and confirm the effectiveness of ecological protection policy in maintaining the stability of the total amount of natural water in the past few decades. The spatial–temporal disturbance of aquaculture also provided another perspective and a reliable evidence of previous studies on the influence of human activities on the eutrophication process of Taihu Lake.
Highlights
I NLAND surface water, mainly including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and other elements, is essential to the terrestrial ecosystem where many organisms inhabit and the social and economic development [1], [2]
PA (72.35%) and UA (72.79%) in aquaculture are lowest, and the confusion matrix indicates that some samples have been mixed between natural water bodies and aquaculture, which is the main source of error in this article
This study demonstrates annual water distribution and humaninduced spatial–temporal water disturbance in Taihu Lake region over the past 35 years by using time series Landsat images
Summary
I NLAND surface water, mainly including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and other elements, is essential to the terrestrial ecosystem where many organisms inhabit and the social and economic development [1], [2]. Climate change and human activities, such as urban expansion, reclamation, and eutrophication, have been causing lake shrinkage and water quality degradation, these problems attracted wide attention. Frequent cyanobacteria outbreaks posed a great threat to the ecological environment [3]. These problems are Manuscript received December 1, 2019; revised April 17, 2020 and June 18, 2020; accepted June 21, 2020. Date of publication June 26, 2020; date of current version July 8, 2020.
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