Abstract
Selection of appropriate conditions for carrying out water flocculation is the most critical operation that influences the quality of the treated water. Unfortunately, almost all drinking water treatment plants do not have on-line instrument to monitor the changing conditions of flocs in the flocculation tank. Hence, a non–real-time method such as jar test is quite often used to optimize flocculation operation in drinking water treatment. In this study, a nephelometric turbidimeter monitoring system has been proposed for on-line monitoring of turbidity by placing a commercial turbidimeter sensor directly in the flocculation tank of a continuous-flow pilot plant to monitor the variation of floc formation. Digital cameras were simultaneously used to record flocs. Digital images were analyzed for floc diameters. Experimental results reveal that there exists a good correlation between the turbidity standard deviation and the floc diameter. Also, on-site field studies confirmed that this convenient and practical technology is applicable to determine the floc diameter based on turbidity standard deviation values. Hence, the relationship between the optimal conditions for generating maximum floc diameters and the concomitant water turbidity may be established.
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