Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon has been identified as the most powerful family of atmospheric and oceanic variations on a time scale of months to several years. To detect the El Niño onset and estimate its intensity as early as possible are a challenge for global climate forecasting and modeling. In this paper, the possibility of monitoring El Niño by using modal ocean acoustic tomography (MOAT) [Shang, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 1531́1537 (1989)] has been investigated. A simple acoustic model of El Niño based on the 1982–1983 event (Georges et al., 1988) has been used for numerical simulation. It has been found that acoustic modes 7–12 at 10 Hz can properly sample the effective El Niño profile (from the surface to a 250-m depth). Both forward (modal travel time and kernel matrix synthesis) and backward (El Niño profile inversion) processes are carried out on a CYBER 205. The retrieved El Niño profile is very promising. [Work supported by NOAA and ONR.]
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