Abstract
The building sector is responsible for a substantial part of the energy consumption and corresponding CO2 emissions. The European Union has consequently developed various directives, among which the updated Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU stands out, aiming at minimizing the energy demand in buildings, improving the energy efficiency of their facilities and integrating renewable energies. The objective of the present study was to develop an analysis on the energy performance, related CO2 emissions and operating costs of the renewable energy technologies implemented within a multipurpose near Zero Energy Building (nZEB). The target building is an existing nZEB called LUCIA, located in Valladolid (Spain). Monitoring data provides the required information on the actual needs for electricity, cooling and heating. It is equipped with solar energy photovoltaic systems, a biomass boiler and a geothermal Earth to Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) intended for meeting the ventilation thermal loads. All systems studied show favourable performances, but depend significantly on the particular characteristics of the building, the control algorithm and the climate of the location. Hence, design of these strategies for new nZEBs must consider all these factors. The combined use of the PhotoVoltaic PV System, the biomass and the EAHX reduces the CO2 emissions up to 123 to 170 tons/year in comparison with other fuels, entailing economic savings from the system operation of up to 43,000–50,000 €/year.
Highlights
In the European Union (EU), the increase of renewable energy technologies is a priority in order to meet the EU target of at least a 27% share for renewable energies by 2030 [1]
The building stock has grabbed the limelight of the EU energy targets because it accounts for about 40% of the European Union energy consumption
This study has focused on the renewable energy technologies implemented in the LUCIA building, a reference near Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) belonging to the University of Valladolid, equipped with photovoltaic systems, an Earth Air Heat Exchanger and a biomass boiler
Summary
In the European Union (EU), the increase of renewable energy technologies is a priority in order to meet the EU target of at least a 27% share for renewable energies by 2030 [1]. The building stock has grabbed the limelight of the EU energy targets because it accounts for about 40% of the European Union energy consumption. 30 May 2018 [3], the design of near Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) that integrate renewable energies becomes imperative. The latter target can only be met through highly efficient Heat Ventilation
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