Monitoring and simulation-based optimization of two multi-apartment NZEBs with heat pump, solar thermal and PV

Abstract

For achieving carbon neutrality, new buildings must be built according to very high-performance standards, such that their energy needs can be covered predominantly by onsite renewables. Although the technical solutions for efficient envelopes are well established, heat pumps together with PV have proven to be a reliable HVAC system, the discussion is ongoing regarding the optimal system concept and design for NZEB. Furthermore, the real performance strongly depends on the design, implementation, commissioning and operation. Given the complexity of building and HVAC with the influence of climate and users, a benchmark for optimal operation requires the combination of monitoring analysis and validated component and system models. Different steps and aspects of the calibration and optimization process are presented. The model, representing a step towards a digital twin, was used to improve the operation and derive guidelines for future optimal NZEB HVAC design, commissioning and operation for maximum primary energy savings. HIGHLIGHTS Integrated simulation-based design, commissioning and optimization of Net-zero energy residential buildings Calibrated component as well as building and HVAC system simulation models Simulation assisted commissioning and optimization leads to relevant energy savings NZE Multi-Apartment Buildings possible with optimized system design and control Monthly evaluation of primary energy highlights the need for reduced winter energy demand