Abstract
Through processing images taken from wireless WebCAMs on the low altitude remote sensing (LARS) platform, this research monitored crop growth, pest, and disease information in a dendrobium orchid’s plantation. Vegetetative indices were derived for distinguishing different stages of crop growth, and the infestation density of pests and diseases. Image data was processed through an algorithm created in MATLAB® (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, USA). Corresponding to the orchid’s growth stage and its infestation density, varying levels of fertilizer and chemical injections were administered. The acquired LARS images from wireless WebCAMs were positioned using geo-referencing, and eventually processed to estimate vegetative-indices (Red = 650 nm and NIR = 800 nm band center). Good correlations and a clear cluster range were obtained in characteristic plots of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) against chlorophyll content. The coefficient of determination, the chlorophyll content values (μmol m−2) showed significant differences among clusters for healthy orchids (R2 = 0.985–0.992), and for infested orchids (R2 = 0.984–0.998). The WebCAM application, while being inexpensive, provided acceptable inputs for image processing. The LARS platform gave its best performance at an altitude of 1.2 m above canopy. The image processing software based on LARS images provided satisfactory results as compared with manual measurements.
Highlights
Dendrobium orchids are widely cultivated for both domestic and export markets
Value corresponded to a higher leaf chlorophyll [8], and the coefficient of determination was 0.985 (R2 ) for a healthy dendrobium orchid (Aged) and 0.870 for a healthy dendrobium orchid (Young); the leaf chlorophyll values were in the range of 493–959 μmol m−2 for a healthy dendrobium orchid (Aged) and 275–580 μmol m−2 for a healthy dendrobium orchid (Young)
The image data acquired from the wireless web camera (WebCAM) was processed to create an application map in GIS for variable rate spraying [1,2,4,5] in terms of the big data knowledge for agriculture
Summary
Dendrobium orchids are widely cultivated for both domestic and export markets. In 2015, Thailand exported around 51,811 tons of orchids to the USA, Japan and Italy [1], an increase of5.05% from the previous year. Dendrobium orchids are widely cultivated for both domestic and export markets. In 2015, Thailand exported around 51,811 tons of orchids to the USA, Japan and Italy [1], an increase of. Orchid exports are likely to grow steadily as demand continues to rise in the world market. To answer the simultaneously rising questions about orchid quality and the competitiveness of this growing market, the farmers are required to have technical expertise as well as skills in efficiently managing expensive inputs. Most growers plant orchids in containers with size 24 × 32 cm. Each container plants four orchids or the equivalent of about 75,000–94,000 plants/ha
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