Abstract
There are number of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in South Africa that use sport as a tool to respond to Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), however, little is reported about the outcomes and impact of these programmes. The aim of this study is to contribute to a generic monitoring and evaluation framework by improving the options for the use of outcome indicators of sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes of selected NGOs in South Africa. A qualitative method study was carried out with seven employees of five selected NGOs that integrate sport to deliver HIV/AIDS programmes in South Africa. The study further involved six specialists/experts involved in the field of HIV/AIDS and an official from Sport Recreation South Africa (SRSA). Multiple data collection instruments including desktop review, narrative systematic review, document analysis, one-on-one interviews and focus group interview were used to collect information on outcomes and indicators for sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes. The information was classified according to the determinants of HIV/AIDS. The overall findings revealed that the sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes of five selected NGOs examined in this study focus on similar HIV prevention messages within the key priorities highlighted in the current National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB of South Africa. However, monitoring and evaluating outcomes of sport-based HIV/AIDS programmes of the selected NGOs remains a challenge. A need exists for the improvement of the outcome statements and indicators for their sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes. This study proposed a total of 51 generic outcome indicators focusing on measuring change in the knowledge of HIV/AIDS and change in attitude and intention towards HIV risk behaviours. In addition, this study further proposed a total of eight generic outcome indicators to measure predictors of HIV risk behaviour. The selected NGOs can adapt the proposed generic outcomes and indicators based on the settings of their programmes. A collaborative approach by all stakeholders is required, from international organisations, funders, governments, NGOs and communities to strengthening monitoring and evaluation of sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes including other development programmes. This will assist the NGOs that use sport for development to be able to reflect accurately the information about their HIV/AIDS activities and also be able to contribute to on-going monitoring activities at a national and global level as well as to the Sustainable Development Goals.
Highlights
With regard to any new development initiatives, there is a big focus on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention among communities across the world
The results revealed that the HIV prevention messages, objectives and anticipated outcomes of the sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes of the selected Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are in line with the focal areas for change identified in the 2011 Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS and the National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS, sexual transmission infections (STIs) and TB of South Africa (NSP-SA, 2012; UNAIDS, 2013, 2014, 2015)
The findings of this study revealed that it will be challenging for selected NGOs to measure directly the contribution of their sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes to the reduction of HIV incidence in South Africa
Summary
With regard to any new development initiatives, there is a big focus on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention among communities across the world. Monitoring and evaluation of such programmes is critical and should move beyond outputs to the assessment of achieved anticipated outcomes. There are limited specific studies conducted to provide an insight on the use of outcome indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of sport-based HIV/AIDS awareness programmes. Some of these studies tend to focus on too many aspects of monitoring and evaluation at the same time which led to limited emphasis on outcome indicators. These studies relied on one method of inquiry. On the other hand, Kaufman, Spencer, and Ross (2013) used only a systematic review
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