Monitoring and Controlling System of Smart Mini Greenhouse Based on Internet of Things (IoT) for Spinach Plant (Amaranthus sp.)

Abstract

Greenhouses, often composed of plastic or glass structures, play a fundamental role in optimizing the environmental conditions essential for successful plant cultivation, ultimately resulting in higher-quality crop yields. The study aims to develop a real-time monitoring and control system for a smart mini greenhouse utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT), with a specific focus on cultivating spinach. The monitoring system is constructed around an ESP32 microcontroller, complemented by a DHT22 sensor for accurate air temperature and humidity measurements, and an RTC DS3231 timer for scheduling tasks. The DHT22 sensor's set point values trigger the fan and misting system operations. The fan activates when the air temperature reaches 32°C, while the misting system turns on when humidity levels (RH) reach 55%. The ESP32 is the central processing unit, enabling internet connectivity through Wi-Fi for real-time data monitoring via the Blynk application. Sensor calibration confirms the system's precision, with regression analyses producing impressive R2 values of 0.989 and 0.952. The shading net control system operates four hours daily, from 11:00 to 15:00 WIB (Western Indonesian Time), optimizing the greenhouse environment. This well-executed system leads to the robust growth of spinach plants, reaching a height of 23.02 cm, sprouting nine leaves, and attaining a weight of 10 grams. The findings from this study highlight the efficiency and effectiveness of the smart mini greenhouse's monitoring and control system, offering promising applications in broader greenhouse management and crop cultivation practices.