Abstract
In recent years, intelligent sensor techniques have achieved significant attention in agriculture. It is applied in agriculture to plan the several activities and missions properly by utilising limited resources with minor human interference. Currently, plant cultivation using new agriculture methods is very popular among the growers. However, the aeroponics is one of the methods of modern agriculture, which is commonly practiced around the world. In the system, plant cultivates under complete control conditions in the growth chamber by providing a small mist of the nutrient solution in replacement of the soil. The nutrient mist is ejected through atomization nozzles on a periodical basis. During the plant cultivation, several steps including temperature, humidity, light intensity, water nutrient solution level, pH and EC value, CO2concentration, atomization time, and atomization interval time require proper attention for flourishing plant growth. Therefore, the object of this review study was to provide significant knowledge about early fault detection and diagnosis in aeroponics using intelligent techniques (wireless sensors). So, the farmer could monitor several paraments without using laboratory instruments, and the farmer could control the entire system remotely. Moreover, the technique also provides a wide range of information which could be essential for plant researchers and provides a greater understanding of how the key parameters of aeroponics correlate with plant growth in the system. It offers full control of the system, not by constant manual attention from the operator but to a large extent by wireless sensors. Furthermore, the adoption of the intelligent techniques in the aeroponic system could reduce the concept of the usefulness of the system due to complicated manually monitoring and controlling process.
Highlights
Agriculture has an ancient history nearly dates back to thousands of years
During plant growth from sowing to harvest time, the methods adopted in the aeroponic system require a little hand-operated contribution, interference regarding physical presence, and expertise in domain knowledge of plants, environment control, and operations to maintain and control the growth of the plant
The data acquisition module is placed in the aeroponic system or near the growth chamber to collect the real-time information from selected parameters and transmit the gathered data to the control and management centre
Summary
Agriculture has an ancient history nearly dates back to thousands of years. its advancement has been pushed by implementing the several new systems, practices, technologies, and approaches with the time. The roots of the plant are continuously or intervalley nurtured with or within water nutrient solution by providing a specific control environment in artificial supporting structure [16, 17] Both methods provide many benefits to the grower such as full control of nutrient concentration and supply and prevention of many soil-borne diseases and infections to plant, resulting in increased plant yield with significant returns, high quality, and more efficient use of available natural resources [18, 19]. Several studies reported aeroponic and hydroponic systems as a modern and innovative plant cultivation techniques under the soilless system By adopting these techniques, the growing food crises could be resolved [20, 21].
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