Abstract
It is now known that the dominant component of wind-driven oceanic noise comes from breaking waves. Bubbles ranging in size from tens of microns to centimeters are forced into the water column during the first second or so of whitecap formation. At the moment of creation, each bubble emits a pulse of sound at a center frequency inversely proportional to its radius. The ensemble of such events amounts to a burst of noise that continues throughout the active phase of bubble creation within the whitecap. As the noise spectrum is related to the bubble size distribution within the whitecap, it is natural to explore the possibility that underwater oceanic ambient noise could be used as tool to remotely monitor air entrainment rates across the ocean surface. One of the problems with developing such a tool is understanding the relationship between bubble formation processes occurring within whitecaps and the concurrent noise emission. Here we will report recent progress in our understanding of bubble formation mechanisms in whitecaps, their role in ambient noise generation, and the implications for monitoring air entrainment rates.
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