Abstract
Horizontal displacements of a multiple-anchor pile wall in a 28.5 m deep excavation using the top–down construction method have been monitored using optical fiber (Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR)), strain gauges, inclinometers, and a topographic survey. This work presents a comparison between these different techniques to measure horizontal displacements in the pile at several stages of the soil excavation process. It was observed that displacements can be separated into two components: Rigid body motion and pile flexural deformation. Measurements using optical fiber and inclinometers are considered the most adequate and easy to install. A numerical model allows us to evaluate the influence of earth pressure on the estimated horizontal displacements. It is shown that using soil pressure on the wall given by p = 0.65Kaγh, on a simplified modeled wall, provides a close deduction of horizontal displacements compared to observed values on the field.
Highlights
The monitoring of soil slopes [1,2] and retaining walls [3] was shown to be useful for identifying the main factors that contribute to safe design
The use of Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) optical fibers appears to be a good option to evaluate the performance of deep excavations
This paper presents a monitoring program of lateral movement and internal deformation on a
Summary
The monitoring of soil slopes [1,2] and retaining walls [3] was shown to be useful for identifying the main factors that contribute to safe design. Urban building excavations require stable support systems that can provide lateral support, reducing lateral deformations of these walls or piles to avoid or decrease their impact on the surrounding structures. It is currently common to use pre-stressed ground anchors using either tie rods or cable strands. As these elements are pre-stressed at the same time the excavation advances, most of the displacement during construction could be prevented. The structure is designed to satisfy a required factor of safety and deformations that are below serviceability limits depending on the type of structure. The adequate assessment of the safety factor, and expected deformations, need to have an adequate characterization of the soil properties (strength parameters and deformation modulus) and reasonable theoretical or numerical methods to predict the loads over the retaining system
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