Monipar: movement data collection tool to monitor motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease using smartwatches and smartphones.

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly characterized by motor impairments. The development of mobile health (m-health) technologies, such as wearable and smart devices, presents an opportunity for the implementation of clinical tools that can support tasks such as early diagnosis and objective quantification of symptoms. This study evaluates a framework to monitor motor symptoms of PD patients based on the performance of standardized exercises such as those performed during clinic evaluation. To implement this framework, an m-health tool named Monipar was developed that uses off-the-shelf smart devices. An experimental protocol was conducted with the participation of 21 early-stage PD patients and 7 healthy controls who used Monipar installed in off-the-shelf smartwatches and smartphones. Movement data collected using the built-in acceleration sensors were used to extract relevant digital indicators (features). These indicators were then compared with clinical evaluations performed using the MDS-UPDRS scale. The results showed moderate to strong (significant) correlations between the clinical evaluations (MDS-UPDRS scale) and features extracted from the movement data used to assess resting tremor (i.e., the standard deviation of the time series: r = 0.772, p < 0.001) and data from the pronation and supination movements (i.e., power in the band of 1-4 Hz: r = -0.662, p < 0.001). These results suggest that the proposed framework could be used as a complementary tool for the evaluation of motor symptoms in early-stage PD patients, providing a feasible and cost-effective solution for remote and ambulatory monitoring of specific motor symptoms such as resting tremor or bradykinesia.