Abstract
In this study, 145 peaches and nectarines displaying typical brown rot symptoms were collected from multiple provinces in China. A subsample of 26 single-spore isolates were characterized phylogenetically and morphologically to ascertain species. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), β-tubulin (TUB2) revealed the presence of three distinct Monilinia species. These species included Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola, and a previously undescribed species designated Monilia yunnanensis sp. nov. While M. fructicola is a well-documented pathogen of Prunus persica in China, M. mumecola had primarily only been isolated from mume fruit in Japan. Koch's postulates for M. mumecola and M. yunnanensis were fulfilled confirming pathogenicity of the two species on peach. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS, G3PDH, and TUB2 sequences indicated that M. yunnanensis is most closely related to M. fructigena, a species widely prevalent in Europe. Interestingly, there were considerable differences in the exon/intron structure of the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene between the two species. Morphological characteristics, including spore size, colony morphology, lesion growth rate, and sporulation, support the phylogenetic evidence suggesting the designation of M. yunnanensis as a new species. A new multiplex PCR method was developed to facilitate the detection of M. yunnanensis and differentiation of Monilinia spp. causing brown rot of peach in China.
Highlights
China is the primarily producer of peaches
In addition to serving as the origin of domesticated stone fruit, Western China is, likely to serve as the evolutionary origin of pathogens that cause diseases of Prunus spp
A total of eleven base pair differences were observed between M. yunnanensis and the closest species M. fructigena
Summary
China is the primarily producer of peaches Batsch) worldwide providing approximately 43% of the world production. Peaches and other agronomically important Prunus spp. are believed to have originated from Western China. Ancient records and archaeological findings, indicate that the domestication of P. persica may have occurred as early as 3000 BC [1]. Aside from P. persica, other Prunus spp. originating from Western China include Prunus davidiana (Carr.) Franch., Prunus ferganensis Rjab) Kov. and Kost., and Prunus kansuensis Rehd., reflecting great diversity of Prunus spp. in the region. In addition to serving as the origin of domesticated stone fruit, Western China is, likely to serve as the evolutionary origin of pathogens that cause diseases of Prunus spp
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