Money and its circulation in Russia and abroad: trends and modernity

Abstract

Money is studied through the prism of new approaches to the interpretation of its essence and taking into account the retrospective data on the nature and causes of money. The dynamics and structure of cash in circulation are presented, and the features of its circulation in the national financial system are revealed. The article examines the issues of money classification in the context of changing the strategy of their use in money circulation. The article analyzes the structure of banknotes and coins in monetary circulation in Russia. A comparative assessment of the dynamics of cash in the Russian circulation system for the period from 2020 to 2021 is given. The article describes the foreign practice of implementing the refundable cash benefit mechanism in the system of regulation and control of the cash supply in circulation as a tool for improving the efficiency of innovation activities. The priorities of cash distribution in the leading countries of the world are identified, on the basis of which the article concludes that the monetary policy in Japan, Switzerland and the United States is prioritized in the system of solving problems to improve the quality of money distribution in the global financial space. The article examines the positive experience of Brazil in adapting the money circulation system after the COVID-19 pandemic to the new realities and prospects for the development of the global money market. The policy of concessional lending and the provision of financial assistance at the expense of the resources of the national banking system through the implementation of government programs reflects the result of the transformation of the money supply into a system of social transfers.