Mon père m'a expliqué qu'on ne devait pas aimer hors mariage Approches lexicographique, diachronique et synchronique de hors

Abstract

The knowledge we have concerning the French word hors is limited to the work oflexicographers, who attempt to list all the meanings it can have. The diachronic study of horspresents its grammaticalization chain and the semantic evolution of its uses. Our synchronic study shows that hors can certainly be identified as a preposition (hors les murs - outside thewalls), but it can also be identified as a word 'formant' (un hors-d’œuvre), a locution (Il esthors jeu - He is offside), an adverb (Une fois hors, il sera repris par la brigade - Once outside,he will be recaptured by the squad) or a complex preposition (On se jeta hors des lits - Weburst out of the beds). Progress is made in the definition of the semantic identity of thisexpression thanks to a formal (distributional and syntactic) analysis. Thus, hors has atemporal meaning that indicates an end state ; it reveals a resulting state which succeeds to a presupposed initial state.