Molybdenum–Molybdenum Multiple Bonding in Homoleptic Molybdenum Carbonyls: Comparison with Their Chromium Analogues

Abstract

The binuclear molybdenum carbonyls Mo(2)(CO)(n) (n = 11, 10, 9, 8) have been studied by density functional theory using the BP86 and MPW1PW91 functionals. The lowest energy Mo(2)(CO)(11) structure is a singly bridged singlet structure with a Mo-Mo single bond. This structure is essentially thermoneutral toward dissociation into Mo(CO)(6) + Mo(CO)(5), suggesting limited viability similar to the analogous Cr(2)(CO)(11). The lowest energy Mo(2)(CO)(10) structure is a doubly semibridged singlet structure with a Mo═Mo double bond. This structure is essentially thermoneutral toward disproportionation into Mo(2)(CO)(11) + Mo(2)(CO)(9), suggesting limited viability. The lowest energy Mo(2)(CO)(9) structure has three semibridging CO groups and a Mo≡Mo triple bond analogous to the lowest energy Cr(2)(CO)(9) structure. This structure appears to be viable toward CO dissociation, disproportionation into Mo(2)(CO)(10) + Mo(2)(CO)(8), and fragmentation into Mo(CO)(5) + Mo(CO)(4) and thus appears to be a possible synthetic objective. The lowest energy Mo(2)(CO)(8) structure has one semibridging CO group and a Mo≡Mo triple bond similar to that in the lowest energy Mo(2)(CO)(9) structure. This differs from the lowest energy Cr(2)(CO)(8) structure, which is a triply bridged structure. A higher energy unbridged D(2d) Mo(2)(CO)(8) structure was found with a very short Mo-Mo distance of 2.6 Å. This interesting structure has two degenerate imaginary vibrational frequencies. Following the corresponding normal modes leads to a Mo(2)(CO)(8) structure, lying ~5 kcal/mol above the global minimum, with two four-electron donor bridging CO groups and a Mo═Mo distance suggesting a formal double bond. All of the triplet Mo(2)(CO)(n) (n = 10, 9, 8) structures were found to be relatively high energy structures, lying at least 22 kcal/mol above the corresponding global minimum. The singlet-triplet splittings for the Mo(2)(CO)(n) (n = 10, 9, 8) structures are significantly higher than those of the Cr(2)(CO)(n) analogues. The Mo-Mo Wiberg bond indices confirm our assigned bond orders based on predicted bond distances.