Molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts from Solanum mammosum L., Sapindus saponaria L. and Jatropha curcas L. against Pomacea canaliculata

M Quijano,T Orellana,P Manzano,A Barragan,C Rieraruiz,M Miranda

doi:10.9755/ejfa.v26i10.18804

M Quijano, T Orellana + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i10.18804

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Abstract

Biomolluscicides development is of great interest in pest management to avoid the effects on the environment caused by synthetic molluscicides. The Species: Solanum mammosum L., Sapindus saponaria L. and Jatropha curcas L. have demonstrated molluscicidal properties against Pomacea canaliculata. This study was carried with mixtures of aqueous extracts of these plants in order to check for a synergistic effect between them. Extracts obtained from each species were evaporated and lyophilized. By using a simplex centroid design were obtained ten mixes for testing. All of them were diluted to 500ppm and tested on adult snails for 24 hours of exposure followed by 24 hours of recovery on tab water. Those mixes that showed the best results of mortality were chosen to determine the median lethal dose. The formulations S. saponaria (100%) and S. mammosum - S. saponaria (50%-50%) showed the best results of mortality with LD50 values of 24.04 ppm and 17.78 ppm respectively, with no significant differences between them (p> 0.05). These results showed that a synergistic effect is not produced in the activity of these plants when the extracts mixture was performed.

Highlights

In Ecuador there are 410.000 hectares of rice crops, of which 200.000 are affected by the presence of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) (El Telégrafo, 2012)
A sample of plant material was taken for botanical identification, which was botanized at the National Herbarium of Ecuador (QCNE), Quito, with key CIBE006 (J. curcas); CIBE012 (S. mammosum) and CIBE018 (S. saponaria) and a control is retained within the existing herbarium Bioproducts Laboratory in CIBE-ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador
Presence of phenols and tannins were recorded in Solanum mammosum L., and presence of flavonoids and reducing compounds in all the extracts

Summary

Introduction

In Ecuador there are 410.000 hectares of rice crops, of which 200.000 are affected by the presence of apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) (El Telégrafo, 2012). This has caused severe damage to the agricultural sector of the country, causing a decline in profitability and rice production, becoming one of the major threats to food sovereignty (Barona, 2012). (teta de vaca), a native plant from South America in the Solanaceae family, part of the Solanum genus, has shown molluscicidal activity due to the presence of various steroidal alkaloids in the form of glycosides (solanine, solanidine, solasonine and solamargine). Preliminary studies into structure - activity indicate that the molluscicidal properties of fruit of Solanum mammosum L. depend on the type of aglycone and glycosidic bond possessing (Lim, 2013)

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