Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the molluscicidal activity of four different Ipomoea batatas (I. batatas) leaf extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts) against Pomacea canaliculata (P. canaliculata) and screen the phytochemical compounds of I. batatas leaf extracts. The golden apple snails (size range: 20–40 mm) were exposed to three concentrations (1000, 5000, and 10,000 ppm) of each extract (hexane, chloroform, methanol, and aqueous extracts). The efficacy of the I. batatas extracts was laboratory-tested by submerging the P. canaliculata into paddy-filled water mixed with the extracts and the mortality was observed every 24 hrs for 3 days. The presence of phytochemical compounds such as terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and glycosides were tested. For all extracts, the results showed a positive relationship between the concentration and the golden apple snail mortality, suggesting that all extracts have molluscicidal properties. The study showed more than 50% mortality rate of P. canaliculata after 72 hrs for each treatment. Chloroform and methanol I. batatas leaf extracts at 10,000 ppm showed 100% mortality after 72 hrs due to the presence of saponin. Saponin causes the death of the snails by disturbing their feeding and growth and blocking their breathing process. For further research, it is suggested to conduct the study under field trials in the search for a natural and environment-friendly molluscicide.
Highlights
Pomacea canaliculata (P. canaliculata) or known as golden apple snails has caused severe damage to the paddy industry in Malaysia
This study has evaluated the effectiveness of Ipomoea batatas (I. batatas) leaf extracts for their molluscicidal activity against P. canaliculata
Three control tests were done where the P. canaliculata were treated with paddy field water added with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (1:1), 50% methanol and distilled water
Summary
Pomacea canaliculata (P. canaliculata) or known as golden apple snails has caused severe damage to the paddy industry in Malaysia. In controlling the infestation of P. canaliculata, various methods such as cultural control, biological control, chemical control, salt compounds, organic compounds, and molluscicides have been used (Liang et al, 2013). Handpicking and using ducks are among cultural and biological controls used These methods have been proven to control the snails at a low cost. They require a large labour force and causes damage to the rice seedlings (duck control) (Liang et al, 2013). The principal chemicals used effectively against golden apple snails are metaldehyde, formulated as bait pallets, wettable powders or flowable suspensions, and niclosamide, formulated as either an emulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate or wettable powder. Previous studies have tested and reported the effectiveness of plant extracts in controlling P. canaliculata. The snails were reared for 2-3 days in the laboratory and were fed with papaya leaves (Nur Suraya et al, 2017)
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