Molluscan Genomics: Implications for Biology and Aquaculture

Abstract

As a result of advances in DNA sequencing technology, molluscan genome research, which initially lagged behind that of many other animal groups, has recently seen a rapid succession of decoded genomes. Since molluscs are highly divergent, the subjects of genome projects have been highly variable, including evolution, neuroscience, and ecology. In this review, recent findings of molluscan genome projects are summarized, and their applications to aquaculture are discussed. Recently, 14 molluscan genomes have been published. All bivalve genomes show high heterozygosity rates, making genome assembly difficult. Unique gene expansions were evident in each species, corresponding to their specialized features, including shell formation, adaptation to the environment, and complex neural systems. To construct genetic maps and to explore quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes of economic importance, genome-wide genotyping using massively parallel, targeted sequencing of cultured molluscs was employed. Molluscan genomics provides information fundamental to both biology and industry. Modern genomic studies facilitate molluscan biology, genetics, and aquaculture.