Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the synthesis of novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated polythiophene and poly(3-methylthiophene) solid-phase microextraction fibers using the direct electropolymerization method. Synthesized SPME fibers were characterized with the use of various physicochemical instrumental techniques. MIP-SPME coatings were successfully applied to carry out the selective extraction of selected antibiotic drugs (amoxicillin, cefotaxime, metronidazole) and their metabolites (amoxycilloic acid, amoxicillin diketopiperazine, desacetyl cefotaxime, 3-desacetyl cefotaxime lactone, hydroxymetronidazole). Solid-phase microextraction parameters for the simultaneous determination and identification of target compounds were optimized using the central composite design (CCD), and they accounted for 5–15 min for desorption time, 3–10 for the pH of the desorption solvent, and 30–100 μL for the volume of the desorption solvent. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) detectors such as quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF MS) and triple quadrupole (QqQ MS) were applied to determine and to identify selected antibiotic drugs and their metabolites. The MIP-coated SPME are suitable for the selective extraction of target compounds in biological samples from patients in intensive care units.
Highlights
The miniaturization of analytical techniques observed in recent years is the result of the use of the most advanced technologies
The mass spectrometry (MS) spectra for the human plasma samples are shown in Figure we studied the fragmentation of the [M + H]+ ions of the target compounds and their metabolites with the use of electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS measurements
The use of polymer sorption fibers significantly improves the isolation of biologically active compounds remaining in low concentrations in the initial matrices
Summary
The miniaturization of analytical techniques observed in recent years is the result of the use of the most advanced technologies. It is connected with the necessity to develop more and more sensitive and precise analytical methods [1,2]. The huge diversity of samples due to the composition and aggregate state of the matrix requires the use of many techniques of the sample preparation to extract the tested compounds and to purify them prior to the determination and identification step. An important stage in the preparation of the sample for the final analysis is its isolation and/or enrichment, which consists in transferring the analytes from the primary matrix to the secondary matrix with the simultaneous removal of interfering substances (isolation) and increasing the concentration of the analytes to a level above the quantification limit of the analytical methodology (enrichment) [1,4,5]
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