Abstract
A primary need in conserving species and their habitats is defining distinct genetic entities that range from individuals to species to ecosystems and beyond. The development of molecular genetic markers revolutionized the field of fish genetics. Using DNA markers, genetic variation in the entire genome can be analysed and exploited. Here, we outline the molecular genetic methods for species and population identification in fish and their applications to a variety of fisheries management and aquaculture issues with special emphasis on aquatic germplasm resources of India that have enormous potential to contribute to the genetic improvement of species and sustaining threatened wild stocks.
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