Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a pivotal signaling molecule existing in almost all living organisms. However, the mechanism of cAMP signaling in plants remains very poorly understood. Here, we employ the engineered activity of soluble adenylate cyclase to induce cellular cAMP elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and identify 427 cAMP-responsive genes (CRGs) through RNA-seq analysis. Induction of cellular cAMP elevation inhibits seed germination, disturbs phytohormone contents, promotes leaf senescence, impairs ethylene response, and compromises salt stress tolerance and pathogen resistance. A set of 62 transcription factors are among the CRGs, supporting a prominent role of cAMP in transcriptional regulation. The CRGs are significantly overrepresented in the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling, and diterpenoid biosynthesis, but they are also implicated in lipid, sugar, K+, nitrate signaling, and beyond. Our results provide a basic framework of cAMP signaling for the community to explore. The regulatory roles of cAMP signaling in plant plasticity are discussed.
Highlights
Given the concern that the spraying compounds may potentially stimulate native adenylate cyclase activities in wild type (WT) plants, we collected tissue samples immediately (0 h) after spraying DEX in AC transgenic plants to serve as the controls, which rendered us to pinpoint the effects of induced Cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation by comparison under the regime of identical genetic background using AC transgenic plants in this study
We found that the molecular mechanism of cAMP
We have performed RNA-seq analyses by creating transgenic Brassica napus plants using the same AC construct in this study, and comparable results were obtained
Summary
Cyclic AMP (cyclic 30 ,50 -adenosine monophosphate; cAMP) is a second messenger molecule present in almost all living organisms, which plays a pivotal role in cell signaling and modulates a variety of cellular responses. CAMP was first discovered to mediate the effects of hormones in mammalian cells [1] and later demonstrated to regulate signaling pathways critical for adaptation and survival in many lower eukaryotes [2,3,4] and modulate gene expression involving antibiotic production, phototrophic growth, pathogenesis and nitrogen fixation in prokaryotes [5]. While cAMP is currently taken as an important component of the complex signaling network in plants [12,13,14], the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, especially regarding the molecular targets and biological pathways
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