Molecular survey of basidiomycetes and divergence time estimation: An Indian perspective.

Meghna Bhatt,Dhrupa Raval,Poonam Bhargava,Pankti Mistri,Rinni Raval,Snehal Bagatharia,Sruthi Thoota,Hemal Ram,Subhash Soni,Ishita Joshi,Madhvi Joshi,Ankur Patel

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197306

Meghna Bhatt, Dhrupa Raval + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197306

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: May 17, 2018
Citations: 8	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Government of Gujarat

Abstract

This study outlines the biodiversity of mushrooms of India. It reveals the molecular biodiversity and divergence time estimation of basidiomycetes from Gujarat, India. A total of 267 mushrooms were collected from 10 locations across the state. 225 ITS sequences were generated belonging to 105 species, 59 genera and 29 families. Phylogenetic analysis of Agaricaceae reveals monophyletic clade of Podaxis differentiating it from Coprinus. Further, the ancient nature of Podaxis supports the hypothesis that gasteroid forms evolved from secotioid forms. Members of Polyporaceae appeared polyphyletic. Further, our results of a close phylogenetic relationship between Trametes and Lenziteslead us to propose that the genera Trametes may by enlarged to include Lenzites. The tricholomatoid clade shows a clear demarcation for Entolomataceae. However, Lyophyllaceae and Tricholomataceae could not be distinguished clearly. Distribution studies of the mushrooms showed omnipresence of Ganoderma and Schizophyllum. Further, divergence time estimation shows that Dacrymycetes evolved in the Neoproterozoic Era and Hymenochaetales diverged from Agaricomycetes during the Silurian period.

Highlights

IntroductionReported to have evolved 1800 million years ago [1], fungi have a wide range of morphologies
Phylogenetic analysis of Agaricaceae reveals monophyletic clade of Podaxis differentiating it from Coprinus
Among the phylogenetic reconstruction methods used distance based methods, UPGMA gave the best resolution in tree topology

Summary

Introduction

Reported to have evolved 1800 million years ago [1], fungi have a wide range of morphologies. Yeast) or filamentous and possess a wide range of fruiting bodies (Sporocarps).With the estimated fungal diversity of more than 13 million, they are the largest biotic community after insects [2]. Despite recent advances in molecular taxonomy the sequence information is far from complete in fungi [8, 9]. This information is of utmost importance in this group as fungi exhibits different morphological forms during the life cycle [10].

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