Abstract
Background: Sapovirus has emerged as a viral cause of acute gastroenteritis. However, there are insufficient data about the presence of this virus among children with acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 100 children patients with acute gastroenteritis from outpatient clinics with excluded bacterial pathogens and parasitic infestation. A stool sample was collected from each child for laboratory examination. Each stool sample was subjected to study by direct microscopic examination, study for rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and the remaining sample was subjected to RNA extraction and RT- PCR for sapovirus. Results: The most frequently detected virus was rotavirus by ELISA (25%). RT-PCR detected sapovirus in 7% of the stool samples. The children with sapovirus were all from rural regions and presented mainly during the winter season in Egypt (42.9%). The main presenting symptoms were fever (71.4%) and vomiting (57.1%). None of the children with sapovirus had dehydration. Rotavirus was significantly associated with sapovirus infections in 5 patients (71.4%, P=0.01). There was an insignificant difference between symptoms of gastroenteritis in children with sapovirus and children with gastroenteritis without sapovirus as regards vomiting (P=0.7), fever (P=0.46), and abdominal pain (P=0.69). Conclusion: The present study highlights the emergence of sapovirus as a frequent pathogen associated with acute gastroenteritis in children. There is a need for a national survey program for the study of sapovirus among other pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis for better management of such infection.
Highlights
Sapovirus is a single strand non enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the Caliciviridae family[1,2,3,4]
Stool samples Each stool sample was subjected to study by direct microscopic examination, study for rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) Ridascreen® (R-Biopharm AG- An der Neuen Bergstraße 1764297 Darmstadt, Germany), and the remaining samples was subjected to RNA extraction and RT-PVR for sapovirus
The colour intensity was proportional to the concentration of rotavirus present in the stool samples in comparison with a control, and was measured at 450 nm using a microplate ELISA reader (Statfax Chromate 4300)
Summary
Sapovirus is a single strand non enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the Caliciviridae family[1,2,3,4]. Sapovirus infection is associated with viral gastroenteritis, especially in children below five with, around two million deaths around the world, and sapovirus causing viral gastroenteritis represents the second common cause of death[12]. The transmission of sapovirus occurs via ingestion of contaminated food and water and by direct contact with affected individuals[13,14]. The infection occurs both sporadically and as an outbreak[2,9]. Treatment is symptomatic to prevent the aggravation of the disease[3,9], and prevention of the infection depends mainly upon access to clean drinking water and food[15]. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of sapovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis by RT-PCR
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